Caracterización estructural del sistema de producción de alpacas (Vicugna pacos) en huancavelica, Perú

The aim of this study was to identify the factors that cause low exploitation results in the alpaca production system of the Huancavelica region, in function of the structural component, making a stratified random sampling with proportional affixation. Productive units with alpacas (PUA) (224) with more than 100 heads were visited, in which 40 variables were analyzed. The average size of PUA was 133.3 ha and 143.8 animals. The seasonal nesting is from January to March (37%) and continuous feeding throughout the year (63%) carry out reproduction and there are no ideal breeding records (70%). The first mating takes place to female at the 22.6 months, with an average weight of 40 kg. with a ratio of 11.3 females for every male. Feeding is based on natural pastures (100%) by continuous grazing (96%) and deferred (4%) reaching a stocking density of 0.8 AU/ha / year (P> 0.05). Discarding males and females was performed at 8.8±1.0 years (P≤0.05) and 7.9±0.7 years (P≤0.05), respectively. The PUA, although 97% of them apply preventive treatments. The birth rate 57.3±2.7 %. The birth weight 7.8±1.0 kg. The mortality rate 5.6% in adults and 33.6% in offspring. The factors that cause low operating results are: inadequate infrastructure, poor management facilities, inefficient reproductive planning, poor supplementation, and inefficient animal health programs.